Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade Essay

Journalism should not be just a trade , it should be a crusade . should journalists have a moral responsibility to stand up fo - Essay Example As we all know,  information is power, and if this power is concentrated into the hands of only a few, may lead to inappropriate handling or abuse of the power. It is for this reason, shared power is a safer option for the benefit of the entire society, and it is here that the journalists play the important role of redistributing this power of information. Since journalists have the task of redistributing information, in the process, they may partake in some of the power which is associated with information, and it is here that the role of ethics and responsibilities comes into play. Ethics is a form of commitment where one pledges not to abuse power, and to use the accorded freedom with responsibility, which is never an easy task. There is always an underlying tension between the ethics of freedom and responsibility. Here the dynamics between these two contending ethical factors in respect to an individual or a society can be divided into two main perspectives. The libertarian per spective (of the Enlightenment era), gives more emphasis on the freedom of an individual or the rational being. This perspective has been always prevalent in the US form of journalism, where the press has been accorded complete freedom, at least theoretically. The other view is the communitarian perspective, which emphasises on establishing social or  community connections, with certain responsibilities on both sides, which was clearly outlined in the Hutchins Commission on Freedom of the Press  published in 1947. The report brought in the theory of ‘social responsibility,’ where the press was said to be under moral obligations to work for the general well being of the society; and the modern concept of ‘civic journalism movement’ was formed, based on these guidelines as given in the Commission (Nerone, 1995, 77-100). In this article, I will examine the various theories of journalism, and will analyse, to come to a conclusion as to whether the journalis ts should have a moral responsibility to stand up for the weak against the powerful within a society? Discussion Ethics and journalism: Ethics is the process of analysing and evaluating certain facts and situations, and identifying the correct conduct in the light of the various principles and the prevalent social and religious norms of a particular time. Here the basic question does not simply end at asking as to how one can live well, but also puts in the question as to how one should live by the rules of one’s ethics, while foregoing some of the personal advantages, and even face persecution, as he carries on with his ethical duties. Ethical reasoning is often based on personal interpretations, as one examines and changes his principles, in view of the available new types of information and technology, and new social conditions (Ward, 2007). Ethics thus encompasses both the aspects of theoretical and one’s personal practical reasoning. As regards theoretical reasoni ng, ethics is the study of the various existing forms of ethics, and the types of prevalent ethical reasoning, and of the neutrality of the moral/ ethical principles. In case of practical reasoning, ethics is â€Å"applied ethics,† or the application of the ethical principles to check their suitability in the various dimensions of life domains like while dealing with scientific research, professional work, and also in corporate governance (Dimock & Tucker, 2004). Journalism is a type of ‘applied ethics,’ which involves the analysis and the application of

Appraising and Rewarding Performance of Manulife China Bank Life Essay Example for Free

Appraising and Rewarding Performance of Manulife China Bank Life Essay Assurance Corporation Manulife Philippines marks its 100th year of existence in our country. It is one of the oldest insurance firms in the country. The firm received its license to operate in Manila in 1907, twenty years after the company was first established in Toronto, Canada in 1887 by Sir John A. Macdonald, who at the same time was Prime Minister of Canada. Manulife Philippines was the first foreign company to list in the Philippine Stock Exchange, and is among the top five life insurance companies in our country today. The firm’s dedication to client service enabled it to grow and increase financial strength. In 2007, the Philippine Insurance Commission (IC) and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank) approved the operation of a bank assurance joint venture company, Manulife China Bank Life Assurance Corporation (MCB Life). MCB Life is a strategic bank assurance alliance of China Banking Corporation (China Bank), the Philippines’ first privately owned commercial bank, and The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company (Manulife), a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian-based Manulife Financial Corporation. In Asia, Manulifes goal for each market is to develop a company that will best meet the needs of customers, achieve employee satisfaction, and provide leadership in the life insurance industry. Manulife works hard to build companies that cultivate wealth creation, wealth protection, and an improved quality of life for local customers. Manulifes corporate vision is to be the most professional life insurance company in the world: providing the very best financial protection and wealth management services tailored to customers in every market where the company does business. MCB Life’s mission is committed to develop long term relationships with families and businesses which make us the company of choice in providing economic security through a broad range of financial services, customized and delivered by competent and ethical professionals. C. Company Profile and Background of Sun Life Financial Sun Life Financial is an international leader in protection and wealth management with key operations in Canada, US, UK, Hong Kong, Japan, Indonesia, India, China, Bermuda, and the Philippines. Sun Life of Canada (Philippines) pioneered life insurance in the Philippines in 1895. Today, Sun Life of Canada (Philippines), Inc. , is one of the largest and most trusted insurers in the country with almost a half a million policies in force and is boosted by the strength and stability of Sun Life Financial shares in the Philippine Stock Exchange. Sun Life Asset Management Company, Inc. SLAMCI) is the fund manager and principal distributor of the biggest family of mutual funds in the Philippines, the Sun Life Prosperity Funds. It also boasts of being the first in its field to put in place the accounting system needed to adequately comply with the standards set by the International Accounting Standards (IAS). Serving as the company’s wealth management arm, SLAMCI benefits from the expertise of its mother company’s close association with MFS Investment Management (the inventor of mutual funds in the US). Sun Life Financial Plans, Inc. SLFPI) is the second wholly-owned subsidiary of SLOCPI and the sole distributor of its pension and education plans. SLFPI holds the distinction of being the fastest growing pre-need company in the country today. For 113 years now, SLF-Philippines continues to be a proud and trusted partner of the Filipino in his journey to financial freedom. D. Company Mission and Vision of Sun Life Financial Sun Life Financial’s vision is To be the preeminent provider of financial security to individuals over their lifetime. With regards to this mission of the company, Sun Life Financial aims to provide financial freedom for Filipinos. The objective of this study is to present the methods of rewarding and appraising performance of our two chosen companies, particularly in the insurance industry. For this research, we chose to do a study on Manulife Philippines, more specifically Manulife China Bank Life Assurance Corporation (MCB Life); and also Sun Life Financial. This paper aims to present the different rewards given to employees and performance appraisals done to evaluate their employees’ performance, while comparing both companies. In order to obtain a clearer picture on how employees are being appraised and rewarded in two companies in the same industry, a comparison between Manulife Philippines and Sun Life Financial should be done. F. Statement of Problem The researchers would conduct a study on the rewarding and appraising of performance of insurance companies, and what the companies want to achieve. The researchers would like to find out how the companies reward their employers in this industry, and the process of performance appraisal; and the effects of these human resource activities in the daily operation of the companies.

Analyzing TM Berhad using Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames :: essays research papers

Bolman & Deal’s Four Frames: Case Report 1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyse TM Berhad using Bolman and Deal’s four frames, as per figure 1 below. Bolman & Deal suggests that ‘Leaders like everyone else, view their experiences through a set of preconditioned lenses and filters’ (Bolman and Deal, 1991, p 510) (Adapted from Bolman & Deal, 1997) In this paper, we have examined our company of choice, TM Berhad, utilizing each of these four frames as a â€Å"spectacle† to determine the leadership approach of its management, and then detailing the more prominent of the frames used. TM Berhad was chosen for our case analysis, due to availability of data from significant coverage on the company awarded by the media. 2.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telekom Berhad (â€Å"TM†)- Profile TM is a government-linked corporation, through its substantial shareholder Khazanah Malaysia (Khazanah), the Malaysian Government’s main investment vehicle. It is a major component of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad Composite Index. In 2004, a new Group Chief Executive Officer, Dato Abdul Wahid bin Omar was appointed by Khazanah under a general revamp exercise of the GLCs. TM is the main nationwide provider of telecommunication services. It has x no of subsidiaries and operates in three core operating areas of: †¢ Telco- Its core telecommunication business †¢ Telekom Multimedia- Develops new media businesses †¢ ServiceCo- Oversees operational activities such as fleet and property management. The fixed line business and residential telephone services remain the core business of TM. TM’s organization chart is depicted in figure 2 below: Figure 2 3.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Four –Frame Analysis Our four-frame analysis (Figure 3 above) reveals that TM, like any other modern large corporation, places heavy emphasis on the structural frame. Other frame elements are also present, for example, career development and training programmes are evidence of HR frame use, as well as deployment of a re-branding exercise and other symbolic rituals to provide symbolic frame elements. We may also make inferences that the political frame is also in play from agenda-setting, ambiguity and uncertainty caused by the rationalization and reorganization leading to scarcity of resources and internal conflict, and signing of a collective agreement to denote bargaining and negotiation. We have chosen to focus our detailed analysis on the more prominent structural frame. 4.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Structural Frame Analysis Bolman & Deal list six assumptions behind the Structural Frame. 1) Organizations exist to achieve established goals and objectives. 2) Organizations work best when rationality prevails over personal preferences and external pressures. 3) Structures must be designed to fit organizational circumstances.

Hamlet: Literary

In the play of Hamlet, Shakespeare sets up three plots of revenge which involve three characters, each determined to avenge their deceased loved ones. Revenge is essentially a recurring element in the play and can be noted as an important theme. Revenge is often lead by uncontrolled emotions, affecting an individual’s thoughts and feelings differently and provoking the individual to act without a reason. The play helps us question the justifiability and benefits of revenge through the story’s individual characters.King Hamlet appears as a ghost and informs Hamlet that he was murdered in his sleep by Claudius. He tells his son that while he was sleeping, Claudius poured poison into his ear. Hamlet is shocked by the ghosts words. The ghost asks Hamlet to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. † (I. 5. 25) Prince Hamlet vow’s to avenge his father’s death, and promises not hurt his mother even though he blame’s her for re-marrying to h is uncle right after his father’s death.Since the revenge was requested, and not Prince Hamlet’s own decision, we could question if Hamlet would consider avenging his father, even if he wasn’t told to. We are aware that Hamlet is depressed about his father’s death, his mother re-marrying, and the lack of mourning the kingdom is doing for the death of the King, but he does not commit suicide even though he considers it at one point. Hamlet’s loneliness, feelings of anger, and sorrow would certainly compel him to avenge his father’s death by killing Claudius. A villain kills my father, and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. † (III. 3. 77)Hamlet doesn’t immediately avenge his father’s death, he goes through a phase where he contemplates and delays when he should commit the act of killing Claudius. Fortinbras is another character in the play who feels the need to avenge his father’s death b y reclaiming the land his father lost to King Hamlet. Both Prince Hamlet and Prince Fortinbras have uncles who have taken their deceased fathers rightful spot at King while the Princes plot a way to avenge their fathers.Fortinbras builds an army to take back the territories they lost while also attacking Denmark, making him a problem for Denmark. â€Å"†¦ Now, sir, young Fortinbras, of unimproved mettle hot and full, hath in the skirts of Norway here and there sharked up a list of lawless resolutes, for food and diet, to some enterprise that hath a stomach in't; which is no other as it doth well appear unto our state but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands so by his father lost; and this, I take it, is the main motive of our preparations†¦ (I. 1. 95) This particular quote helps us perceive how fast Fortinbras acts towards avenging his father. He takes action without delay, as apposed to Hamlet who suspends his opportunities. While discussing with his mother, Hamlet suspects that there is a spy in the room. â€Å"How now? A rat? Dead, for a ducat, dead! † (III. 4. 23) Assuming that it is Claudius, Hamlet draws his sword and strikes at the curtain where curious Polonius is eaves dropping. Receiving the news of his father’s death, Laertes is vow’s to avenge his father. How came he dead? I'll not be juggled with: to hell, allegiance! vows, to the blackest devil! Conscience and grace, to the profoundest pit! I dare damnation. To this point I stand, that both the worlds I give to negligence, let come what comes; only I'll be revenged most thoroughly for my father. † Laertes responds swiftly, his words full of venom. Just like Fortinbras, Laertes acts immediately; surging into the castle, prepared to punish the person responsible for his father’s death. (IV. 5. 35) Claudius is able to manipulate Laertes and Hamlet in a duel, claiming that â€Å"Revenge should have no bounds† (IV. 7. 128) and promising that Hamlet would be poisoned to death. At this point of the play, all three sons are committed to avenging their father’s deaths. Laertes is also notified that Ophelia has drowned, further upsetting him, and worsening the current situation. The three significant characters: Hamlet, Fortinbras, and Laertes each have their own ways of seeking vengeance, for their father’s deaths and obtaining their desires.Fortinbras uses revenge as an excuse to send in his army to take back the territories his father lost to King Hamlet, which justifies that he wants some sort of control. Hamlet and Laertes know that their father’s have been wronged. Hamlet suffers from depression, and the kingdom does not know the true reason behind his father’s death, so he is determined to reveal truth and overturn his uncle. Laertes is enraged about his father and sister’s unnecessary death, blaming Hamlet for the cause of it. The play can be viewed as a tragic story with multiple deaths mainly provoked by members of their own family and kingdom.They are forced to duel, and fight to the death to honor their father’s soul, rather then to resolve the situation in a civilized way. The motif: revenge is recurring because the characters of the play feel the need avenge their fathers, they are driven mad by it, as it takes control of their mind. Their eyes are filled with hatred, distrust and despair as they who were once friends, battle to the death. What they achieve at the end is a worthless effort, because it resulted in additional unnecessary deaths, that are not justifiable.

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management

Running head: EFFECTIVE APPROACHES IN LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Marissa Krick Grand Canyon University: NRS-415V November 18, 2012 Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Many healthcare organizations worldwide are striving to achieve magnet designation. Having the magnet title is essential because it recognizes healthcare organizations that act as a â€Å"magnet† for excellence by establishing a work environment that identifies, rewards, and promotes professional nursing (ANCC Magnet Designation, 2012).A magnet hospital is considered to be one where nursing provides excellent patient care, where nurses have a high level of job satisfaction, and where there is a low staff nurse turnover rate. This paper will discuss how nursing leaders and managers obtain magnet designation. Nursing leaders and managers play an important role in attaining magnet designation and take different approaches in order to achieve such status. Obtaining magnet status is essential and highly recognized in the nursing practice today.Nurses play a vital role in patients’ and families’ overall experience and are the primary source of care and support during the most vulnerable times in an individuals’ life. At magnet hospitals, nurses are attentive and knowledgeable, spending more time at patients' bedsides providing compassionate and upmost quality of care. Managers are constantly striving to maintain quality service and patient care through the use of patient surveys in order to plan short and long term objectives in order to take appropriate actions.With the use of patient surveys, managers are able to inform their staff on areas for improvement or where to keep up the good work. Managers provide direction and motivation to their nursing unit in order to carry out desired actions and are focused on making sure that their staff are following the correct policies and procedures in order to maintain a sa fe workplace. Leadership in nursing maintains proper policies and procedures, but the main focus is on influencing staff to accomplish goals. Feature article about  Production ManagementNurse leaders inspire others to work together in quest of a shared goal, for instance, improved patient care. The nurse leader is a critical thinker, sets goals, uses effective communication, and recognizes the emotional needs of others (Roskoski, 2012). Nurse leaders carry out any changes that are to be made that have been implemented by management. Scottsdale Healthcare is an organization of magnet status and is continuously striving to find ways in which to improve patient satisfaction and quality of care.As of October 2011, Scottsdale Healthcare implemented bedside report in order increase patient satisfaction providing the patient and family knowledge in regards to their condition and plan of care in order to set goals for the patients recovery and gives them the ability to ask questions. Prior to bedside report taking effect, management gathered all employees from the unit going over what is to be expected and how bedside report was not only taking effect on our unit alone, but hospital wide.Nursing leaders knew that they had a situation at hand due to the fact that nursing staff was so comfortable in giving report at the nurses station and did not want to wake the patient or deal with a family member, but they remained positive and encouraged staff that this would dramatically change our satisfaction scores. In maintaining patient satisfaction scores, the hospital would qualify for reimbursement from Medicare. The nurse leaders were the one’s who made the transition a smooth process, as the managers just informed staff how things were going to be.The nurse leaders give others the ability to understand the vision, informing those of why they are being asked to do things, and how it relates to the bigger picture (The difference between leadership and management, 2012). In order to maintain magnet status, managers and nurse leaders must work together in order to meet the necessary requirements. With imple menting bedside report, not only have patient satisfaction scores increased, the rapport between patient and nurse and quality of care has increased as well.Organizations such as Scottsdale Healthcare are recognized for treating their employees with respect and encourage educational growth in offering tuition reimbursement. With upholding magnet status, organizations are able to keep their employees when given the ability to offer such programs. This writer has been an employee at Scottsdale Healthcare for five years now and has seen many changes take effect on the unit implemented by the nurse manager striving to increase patient satisfaction. Changes that have occurred on the unit consist of edside reporting, hourly rounding, and updated white boards for patient information, just to name a few. Within the past couple of months, patient satisfaction scores have decreased and management is not happy. The nurse managers have informed staff that if hourly rounding, bedside reporting, and updating white boards are not being completed employees will be reprimanded. The nurse managers have been going into patient rooms asking the patients if their nurse has been performing the tasks as listed above, and take it upon themselves to tell the patient that if these tasks are not being performed, then the nurse could possibly be terminated.With all the negative feedback from the managers, nurses are becoming burned out. The nurse managers want to see an increase in outcomes, but drive to do so is lacking from constant negative feedback. At the last staff meeting, we were informed that if patient outcomes did not increase, then we need to start looking for employment because there are other individuals out there that would love to have our position. On the other hand, the nurse leaders acknowledge the irritation of decreased satisfaction scores, but go above and beyond to build up morale for a positive change.Those who take the time to listen to others and incorporate way s to improve issues on the unit are considered as participatory leaders. This leadership style includes the leader and one or more employees in the decision making process (Leadership Styles, 2010). As a team, the nurse leader and employees will be able to come up with a plan on ways to improve patient satisfaction, with the nurse leader having the final say. All in all, managers and nurse leaders ultimately have the same goal; it is just the difference in approaches and how one handles stress.A nurse leader wants to provide assistance in any way possible, they are creative and remain positive, whereas, nurse managers will stay completely focused on improving situations and are more controlling not providing any assistance. This writer believes that she is a better leader than manager. Participatory leadership is this writers way of dealing with situations at hand. Effective communication and taking into consideration the feelings of others along with providing a helping hand whenev er in need is of upmost importance to this writer.A way that patient satisfaction scores could increase on the unit that this writer works on is if the managers took a different approach in how they speak to their staff creating a different vibe on the floor rather than biting your tongue every time you see their face. However, it is very possible that due to the clientele we provide care to, a lot of them suffer addiction problems and often times request more medications than what we are able to give. These unhappy patients are more than likely the ones who return the patient satisfaction surveys, therefore, resulting in poor satisfaction scores.Leadership and management play an important role in the nursing process, but their focus is different depending on the situation. Nurse managers and leaders strive for doing the right thing and doing things right. With the dramatic and rapid changes in healthcare today, possessing critical thinking, active listening, and coping skills are e ssential in the nursing workforce. Together, leaders and managers need to imagine the future and lead the way to a productive and well-organized unit with satisfied employees in order to maintain magnet status. References ANCC Magnet Designation. (2012). Meridian Health.Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. meridianhealth. com/MH/ForHealthProfessionals/NursingAtMeridian/ANCCMagnetDesignation. cfm Leadership Styles. (2010). Big Dog and Little Dog’s Performance Juxtaposition. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. nwlink. com/~donclark/leader/leadstl. html Roskoski, J. (2012). What Is Nursing Leadership?. eHow. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. ehow. com/about_6579387_nursing-leadership_. html The difference between leadership and management. (2012). Strategies for Nurse Managers. Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http://www. strategiesfornursemanagers. com/ce_detail/208037. cfm

Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Lord Of The Flies

Lord Of The Flies Essays - English-language Films, Lord Of The Flies Lord of the Flies Character Analysis: Ralph: main character- Ralph is the narrator of the story. Jack: Jack is Ralph main enemy in the story. He leads the hunters. Piggy: Piggy is the smart one of the group. Simon: He is my favorite character in the story. He is viewed as the Christ-figure and interprets the mysteries of the island. Roger: Roger is Jack?s ?sidekick? and is a vicious murderer at heart. Sam and Eric: The twins stick close to Ralph until they are forced to join the hunters. Their main job is to watch the signal fire. The littluns: The littluns are basically the younger boys and ride the bandwagon. The two boys Ralph and Piggy meet each other in a thick jungle and discover that they crashed in an airplane and are stranded. They also learn that there are no adults present on the island and that none of the adults survived the crash. As they approach a beach, they find an enormous conch shell. Piggy gives the conch a little toot and summons the rest of the boys on the island to the beach. The boys assemble and elect Ralph as the leader. Ralph then assigns the Choir, led by Jack, to be the hunters. Then Jack, Ralph, and Simon set out to explore the island. Near the end of their journey, they encounter a wild pig. Jack tries to kill it, but is unsuccessful. When the explorers get back, a meeting is held. The explorers explain that the island is deserted but there is enough food to keep them alive. Jack and the hunters promise to supply meat. Ralph makes a rule that whoever is in possession of the conch shell is allowed to speak. Ralph proposes the idea of a signal fire to alert passing ships of their presence. All the boys agree and everybody rushes to the hilltop to start a fire. The fire sparks the gathered wood into a blaze. One of the boys is reported missing but none of the boys will admit to the likelihood of an accident. Everyone is hard at work the next day, either building huts or hunting. Soon the younger boys loose interest and go off to play. A meeting is called and the boys come up with some new ideas and talk about problems. Meanwhile jack wanders off and enjoys the peace and quiet. Soon the boys get into a rhythm of everyday life. In the morning is the best time for activity because it is cool and quiet. Afternoons are associated with napping. Some of the littluns are suffering from diarrhea from eating too much fruit. While Ralph and Piggy sit on the beach they notice a ship on the horizon, and are horrified to see that the signal fire has gone out. The boys rush to the hilltop to try to get it going again but it is too late. Jack and the hunters who were in charge of the fire were nowhere to be found. Ralph scolds Jack about the fire and he apologizes though he does not really care. Another meeting is called at the familiar place and Ralph reprimands them about their irresponsibility. Then the subject of the so called ?beast? comes up. Ralph and Piggy try to give an explanation but it has no effect. Eventually chaos spreads though the crowd and the run off led by Jack, and Ralph is thoroughly agitated. That night, an air battle is going on and a dead pilot, with a parachute, lands next to the signal fire where Sam and Eric have fallen asleep. They are awakened and are terrified by the shadows and the body. The twins scramble down to the beach where a group has assembled, and they tell the story with farfetched details. A team of explorers is sent to investigate. They discover new land and plan what they will do with it, but Ralph reminds them of their mission and they continue. As they approach the hilltop, Jack accuses Ralph of being chicken and starts up by himself. They are frightened by what they see and spread even more panic with their report. Jack decides to hold a meeting and announces the threat of the beast and

Desmond Tutu essays

Desmond Tutu essays Archbishop Desmond Tutu was a well known and respected black church leader. He lived in South Africa. The government made it illegal for anyone to oppose it. So Archbishop Tutu called all the religious leaders in South Africa to his cathedral in Cape Town on February 29, 1988. There they linked arms and marched to government offices with the intent to deliver a letter to the Prime Minister. Met by armed riot police Archbishop Desmond Tutu was arrested and thrown in jail. Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born on October 7, 1931. He lived in Klerksdorp, a poor black township near Johannesburg. His home didnt have electricity, running water, or indoor toilets. This was a common place for black people to live in because black people were not allowed to live in the city unless they were servants. His father, Zachariah, was a respected school teacher but the Tutus still had to obey South Africas harsh unfair laws. His mother, Aletha, was a servant in a white home. Despite these conditions Desmonds home was a happy one. He was smart and did well in school which he rode to in a train where he played cards with other passengers, often cheating to get extra cash. When he was fourteen Desmond caught tuberculosis, almost died, and had to stay in the hospital for two years. While in the hospital Desmond met a white priest named Father Trevor Huddleston. Father Huddleston became very influential in Desmonds life. Father Huddleston brought many books for to the hospital for him to read. Desmond graduated from high school with honors and became one of the few blacks allowed to attend a university. Desmond Tutu wanted to be a doctor, but lacked the funds to pursue this goal. Instead, he studied to be a school teacher like his father. It was then that Tutu married his wife, Leah, who was a teacher in July 1955. Desmond became a teacher in a high school at Krugersdorp. He named his first son Trevor after father Huddleston. A ...

Admission College Essay Help

Admission College Essay Help Admission College Essay Help Admission essay writing is a difficult task for inexperienced writer, moreover from it depends on your future life. This fact shoves on the thought that the entrance essays writing must be perfect. Writing college admission essaysis not a work of one day. If you really decided to enter a definite college do your best to get the perfect essay. How can you do this, if you do not know all the peculiarities of the academic essays writing? You may find an academic essay guideline and study it, but perhaps it takes even more time than admission essays writing itself. Still knowing all peculiarities does not mean to write attractive essays.Nevertheless, even when this situation is not blind alley you can always order custom admission college essay help:http://.com/blog/admission-college-essay-help Admission College Essay Help: Our Priorities Our company offers only professional college admissions assistance. To be sure in our professionalism let us set aside eloquence and together examine the following custom admission essay sample. Swimming with Dolphins (an excerpt) My first love has always been a science. As I grew older, my growing interests focused on a narrower scientific range. I have always felt a certain connection between myself and the animal world. Having pets in the family and the constant viewing of National Geographic specials managed to keep my mind always occupied with different thoughts. Several years ago, I experienced the most amazing occurrence of my life, something that very few people can boast about. While visiting relatives in Aruba, I had the privilege to swim with wild spotted dolphins. It was at the moment, when I knew, what I was meant to do. I wanted to become a veterinarian and eventually specialize in the care of marine animals So, what do we have? The entire application essay is strong, but this section will be always standing out in the admission officer mind over the years. Why so? Because it is a good written, well constructed and moreover this fact separates essay applicant from the pack: he mentions the animal world, shows the intensity of where he is at, and then BLOWS everybody away with his swim with wild spotted dolphins. How many students could relate such a story? After reading such an essay, each admission officer will say to himself, Admit, admit, admit! Moreover, of course, the admission people will say the same thing. We Can Help You To Write Admission College Essay! We are able to find in your life the most interesting facts and cases, from which our highly skilled essays writers make masterpiece! Contact us and be sure of the immediate success! Read more: Writing a Research Proposal Research Paper Ideas Psychology Research Papers Argumentative Research Paper Topics Research Paper Proposal

Marie Antoinette Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marie Antoinette - Research Proposal Example The end result was that the "Widow Capet", as the ex-queen was called following the passing away of her husband, went into deep grief; she declined to eat or perform any exercise (Dwyer 2000, 182). Marie Antoinette was lastly tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal on October 14th, 1793. Unlike Louis, who had been offered some time to organise a defence, Antoinette was granted only one day (Hibbert 2004, 56). Among the things that she was indicted of (a majority, if not all, of the indictments were false and almost certainly lifted from rumours started by libelles) were planned orgies in Versailles, planning to murder the Duke of Orlà ©ans, transferring millions of livres of treasury funds to Austria, sexual escapades with her own son, announcing her son to be the fresh ruler of France, and planning the mass killing of the Swiss Guards, in 1792 (Parker and Schoenwald 1983, 448). The most famous accusation was that Antoinette sexually abused her own son (Parker 1990, 140). This was said by Louis Charles, who, during his schooling by Hà ©bert, accused his mother. Dwyer, Philip. 2000. â€Å"Napoleon Bonaparte and the Search for a Sense of Self: Clues to Behavioural Patterns in His Early Writings, 1785-1795.† Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers, pp.

Circadian Rhythms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Circadian Rhythms - Essay Example Circadian rhythm takes place in wide variety of organisms apart from humans and are controlled by environmental and internal factors. Temperature and light are the common environmental factors. The circadian cycle is controlled by suprachiasmatic nucleus located in hypothalamus region of brain that influences the sleep-wake cycle by receiving signals from retina of eye about light and dark. The photoreceptor cells in retina transmit signals on light activation and deactivation via neurons of retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN, which are further transmitted to pineal gland via the superior cervical ganglion.  Circadian rhythm takes place in wide variety of organisms apart from humans and are controlled by environmental and internal factors. Temperature and light are the common environmental factors. The circadian cycle is controlled by suprachiasmatic nucleus located in hypothalamus region of brain that influences the sleep-wake cycle by receiving signals from retina of eye about l ight and dark. The photoreceptor cells in retina transmit signals on light activation and deactivation via neurons of retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN, which are further transmitted to pineal gland via the superior cervical ganglion.   The superior cervical ganglion releases noradrenaline into pineal cells during dark, which is followed by transformation of serotonin into melatonin. The SCN leads to the release of more melatonin hormone from pineal gland when the light levels are low that in-turn influences the brainstem mechanisms.

Risk Management Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Risk Management Issues - Essay Example 54, 2009). One decision that appears from this scrutiny is the quantity of resources that the organization should have to provide cushion for potential failures that can take place during the way of its trading actions. In view of the fact that trading revenue is doubtful, despite the fact that, a significant risk management activity concentrates on the risk extent crisis - calculating how huge potential failures could be. Corresponding activities entail the examining as well as enforcement of risk-related trading restrictions, by this means helping the risk amended performance assessment of individual trading bureaus (Chapman & Ward, p. 42, 2003). These two phases of the risk management function turn the resources distribution decision into an optimisation issue: very small sum puts the firm in front of extreme levels of risk, although excessively huge sum increases financing expenditures as well as lessens productivity. The point of complexity with which the risk management role is carried out has progressed considerably during current years. Evidently, there are still significant issues whose answers would improve the task’s usefulness all the more. These issues come under three groups: (1) risk management functions, (2) risk forms, and (3) risk measurement execution concerns (Abkowitz, p. 76, 2008). The risk management issues put huge stress on attempting to get the â€Å"probability distribution† for the income of the entire company. Risk managers are particularly â€Å"interested in the extreme left-hand tail of this distribution as a predictor of the largest ex post loss that the firm could experience† (Olson & Wu, p. 65, 2007). After that, to offer assurance of firm-wide solvency, the organization would have resources more than that quantity. Then again, this whole quantity of resources should as well be distributed between the individual trading bureaus so that their job can be assessed on a risk-amended base. As a result of unsati sfactory correlations with bureaus’ revenue flows, the level of possible failures for the entire organization is not more than its total for the individual trading companies, forming the following procedural problem: if risk managers assess the company’s resources satisfactoriness condition initially and after that disaggregate the outcome for distribution to individual companies, they are susceptible to reserve misallocations between bureaus (Khan & Zsidisin, p. 89, 2011). The substitute of calculating capital prerequisites on the individual company level primarily and after that combining the outcomes with the help of a set of approximate correlations, alternatively, is prone to the possibility of overcapitalising the company altogether. Despite the fact that a lot of companies acknowledge the contradiction of depending on both approaches, the most excellent existing practice in the derived business supports the â€Å"bottom-up approach† (Smith & Merritt, p. 7 9, 2002), to a certain extent due to a custom of calculating the different sorts of risk (such as credit, marketplace, functioning) autonomously as well as being acquainted with the different comparative significance of these risk forms amid companies. The expansion of a incorporated tactic which conserved this point of specialisation devoid of giving up exactness on the universal level would be a considerable step ahead. Authoritarian organizations force funds prerequisites on

Media, Culture and Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media, Culture and Identity - Essay Example The media therefore plays an important role in the formation of a cultural identity because of the vital role that it (the media) plays in the communication process. It is seen that communication is an important part in the formation of a cultural identity as it is the means through which people interact and through the interaction, the culture is transmitted. The media is therefore seen to play a vital role in the formation and in the transmission of cultural identity for different people. The media is important in that it facilitates the process of communication between the different people in a community. By facilitating the process of communication, the media makes a major contribution in the creation and in the spread of culture. The media also has an important role in the evolution of the different cultural practices. The media can be said to extend the human capability to create, spread, and store messages. By extension, the media also enhances the human capability to engage i n activities that are relevant to the different aspects of culture. When the process of communication is facilitated, the cultural practices can be spread. What is seen in the media is also a reflection of the cultural activities that are being engaged in by the people in the society (Gentz and Kramer 2). The increase in the consumption of media has been instrumental in the formation of identity. The introduction of new media and new media technologies has been linked to the formation of new patterns of identification. The cultural orientation of a given group of people and the way that people identify themselves change when they begin to consume the different kinds of new media and new technologies that are available to them. An example of the new media and media technology that has influenced the way people identify themselves and their cultural identity is the increased uptake of satellite television and the increased use of the internet. This is because of the interconnectedness and the high level of interaction that is offered by the new media. Media plays an important role in the formation of culture and identity in that it has increased the level of mobility that the community has access to. The mobility that the media offers is from the increased access to symbolic world that is enabled by the media. The media technology also brings change in cultural identity in that it increases the level of self sufficiency among the members of the given community. The interdependence that is offered by the media has led to a situation in which the global events and happenings have a major impact on the local culture. The local cultures of those who consume the media assimilate the culture of those that they watch and read about from the different media sources. The media is a major source of information as well as a source of cultural information. When it comes to transmitting cultural information the different actors and events in the media are typified into the d ifferent codes. They (actors and events) are also made to generic forms that are in line with the culture of a given society. The media through the different actors and events recreates the codes through which the events and actors are interpreted. The physical and social institutions as well as the cultural spaces have been reconstructed by the media, through the introduction of unlimited access to events and actors that are not physically

About new trends in media planning- the growing importance of digital Article

About new trends in media planning- the growing importance of digital - Article Example For instance, before, the company could only focus on a particular market segment. This means that the advert was supposed to be big and broad in order to evoke a particular amount of purchasing power. Therefore, the venture was expensive. However, with digital advertising, the organization is able to appeal to a huge target market and at a low price. The platforms used in digital advertising allow the organization to have real-time interaction with their customers thus, enhancing their services to suit their clients’ needs (Schultz n.pg). General Mills targeting strategies used with Cheerios was to discuss it nutritional value with people from different demographics. This strategy can also be applied to Yoplait. Yoplait is a yogurt brand could be marketed by discussing its different flavors and nutrition value to the target markets. It contains calcium which is good for strong bones and it has no artificial additives (Schultz n.pg). General Mills is using â€Å"Tablespoon† to post amazing brand content that are appealing to millennials. Millennials are people that are more interested in trending brands and that are how the company is capturing them. By advertising new, trending and attractive â€Å"Tablespoon† is able to add value to the brand by creating an engagement with possible consumers (Schultz

The historian's task is to understand the past; the human scientist, Essay

The historian's task is to understand the past; the human scientist, by contrast, is looking to change the future. To what extent is this true in these areas of knowledge - Essay Example This includes various rational, systematic and verification activities used by human scientists for validating the data obtained through objective specific and subjective phenomena. As human science not only remains confined towards the study of humanities and social sciences but also covers the areas of sociology, history, economics and anthropology, it often overlaps the dimensions of historians. Hence, the area of knowledge of human scientists cannot be firmly polarized from that of learning the past like in the case of historians. On the other hand, the Historian’s task can be quite delicate, which includes understanding the implications of various analytical categories for filling up the historical gaps and framing a proper picture of the past. This way, the area of knowledge relevant to historians tends to be polarized from that of the human scientists who learn the past in pursuit to make the future better. The role of historians, since decades, has been focused to provide conceptualized and factual descriptions about various events and circumstances that had occurred in the past and develop an understanding of the same in order to unveil the past origins of the human society. The area of knowledge relevant to historians can be considered significant to a large extent. They play an important role in reconstructing complex stories from scattered historical sources. Human curiosity about their origin and evolution has always strongly motivated the historians in their efforts of understanding past events that had transformed human civilization or embarks on a secretive paradigm of ancient human society. Historians examine the past in a very broad perspective and facilitate the readers in adding up the historical events as well as actions, triggering their thoughts, motives, and adventurous states of mind (Barton, 2009). They study and extract data from old artifacts, recorded writings, past stories and

About new trends in media planning- the growing importance of digital Article

About new trends in media planning- the growing importance of digital - Article Example For instance, before, the company could only focus on a particular market segment. This means that the advert was supposed to be big and broad in order to evoke a particular amount of purchasing power. Therefore, the venture was expensive. However, with digital advertising, the organization is able to appeal to a huge target market and at a low price. The platforms used in digital advertising allow the organization to have real-time interaction with their customers thus, enhancing their services to suit their clients’ needs (Schultz n.pg). General Mills targeting strategies used with Cheerios was to discuss it nutritional value with people from different demographics. This strategy can also be applied to Yoplait. Yoplait is a yogurt brand could be marketed by discussing its different flavors and nutrition value to the target markets. It contains calcium which is good for strong bones and it has no artificial additives (Schultz n.pg). General Mills is using â€Å"Tablespoon† to post amazing brand content that are appealing to millennials. Millennials are people that are more interested in trending brands and that are how the company is capturing them. By advertising new, trending and attractive â€Å"Tablespoon† is able to add value to the brand by creating an engagement with possible consumers (Schultz

CLIENT LETTER Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CLIENT LETTER - Assignment Example Also, if there is anything you forgot to mention previously or is missing, please be certain to notify our offices immediately. According to our last meeting you explained that you are a single parent with a sole responsibility for your four-year-old daughter, Angie. Your boyfriend with whom you had this child left when the child was two years old. Even though you know where the boyfriend is living, neither you nor Angie has had any contact with him for two years. An incident happened approximately a week ago; you picked your daughter up at day care after work and you needed to stop at the grocery store before going home. While at the grocery, Angie was misbehaving and was taking items off the shelf and putting them into the cart. Despite several verbal reprimands, Angie continued to disobey you. You then slapped Angie’s hands making her to begin wailing thus attracting the attention of several customers in the store. After purchasing your groceries, you pushed Angie to the car. As you were putting Angie into the car seat, you noticed something protruding from one of the pockets of Angie’s dress. When you pulled it out, you realized that Angie had taken candy bars and gum from the shelves next to the checkout line and put them in her pockets. You wanted to make sure that your daughter understood that taking things without paying for them is wrong as it amounted to stealing. So, you shook her several times, slapped her hands, and then put her hand over Angie’s mouth when she began screaming. Angie then bit your hand, prompting you to instinctively slap her across the face. Even though you did not mean to hurt her, everything was happening very fast. Angie suddenly became very quiet, so you shut the backdoor to the car and drove home. After 10 minutes of driving, you realized that she had not heard from Angie since they

Philosophy of Human Nature Essay Example for Free

Philosophy of Human Nature Essay Evil can be used in two ways- when someone has done evil and when someone has suffered evil. Since God is good, God does no moral evil; however, because God is just, God punishes the wicked and thus causes the evil of punishment. People are the cause of their own evildoing. Furthermore, because learning is good a thing, we do not learn evil. It is people’s inordinate desires that drive their evildoings. There are two laws- eternal law and temporal law. Both laws are good and guarantee people to live perfectly. To live perfectly and well, we need to know that we are alive, that we live with reason and understanding. And when the impulses of the soul are guided by reason, a person is perfectly ordered- eternal law. However, it is possible that the reason or mind does not rule. According to Augustine, this can only happens if a person’s own will and free choice make the mind a companion of cupidity. It is up to us to decide whether we want out will to be good or bad, and whether we desire things we can lose or we can’t lose. Thesis (What is the central point of the reading? Use no more than three sentences. ): Augustine claims that people do evil by the free choice of our will. Your questions So if God is all good and omnipotent, then why will God allow anyone to do evil by the free choice of their will? If we are images of God, and God is all good and omnipotent, shouldn’t we be all good and not act in ways that conflicts with God’s image?

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Child Abuse Domestic Violence

Child abuse has been here as long as the United States of America and throughout the history of the World. "Child abuse can cause serious harm to its victims. Estimates of the numbers of children who suffer physical abuse or neglect by parents or guardians range from about 1 percent of all children to about 15 percent, and figures are far higher if emotional abuse and neglect are included."(2. Quote from Encyclopedia Britannica 2007.) You see and hear about different cases of child abuse all the time in news reports, online, newspapers, film and sometimes by word of mouth in your community. We view these cases as deplorable acts of violence but why do we not we stop this altogether?

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Essay -- Interne

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Introduction Spamming and unsolicited email has become a growing issue all over the world. As the internet grows, so does the problem of spamming. With the evolution of the internet, there has been a love and hate relationship among the spammed and the spammers. Before going into discussing further about spamming, we have to actually define spamming: Spamming is sending a message or multiple copies of a message to many inappropriate newsgroups or sending a single or multiple copies of a message to any mailbox for an individual who did not specifically request the email1. If we look at it even more simply we can define spamming as â€Å"any unsolicited e-mail†2. Therefore any email that is sent without the will or asking of the receiver can be more or less called as spamming. This does not mean that the email is not desired or disliked by the receiver. Often users might actually find certain type of unsolicited e-mail helpful. But whether liked or disliked if the email that is sent is ‘unsolicited’, it becomes spam and in some cases illegal. It is often misunderstood when it come to quantity. Often people mistakenly think that spamming only occurs when large numbers of emails are sent. But on the contrary even a single email that is ‘unsolicited’ or un-called for can be termed as spam. Spamming can take a variety of forms. Certain forms of emails may not even appear to be a spam at first but if we carefully examine the above definition and compare with it we will notice that these emails are actually spam. One of the most common forms of emails that we receive are advertisements. It is also the most abused term to describe spam. People use email advertisements and... ...ill 1629 http://www.jmls.edu/cyber/statutes/email/ca1629-2.html 10. Spinello, 33 11. Spinello, 38 12. Spinello, 28 References http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/spam.html http://www.aros.net/policies/spam.shtml Chain Emails: Just another Ploy or the Real McCoy? http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/features/chainmail.htm http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_uk.html http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_fr.html California Assembly Bill 1629 Summary of state spam laws Spam Statistics Spinello, Richard A., Computer Ethics and Social Values Top 10 Anti-Spam Tools for Windows ttp://email.about.com/cs/winspamreviews/tp/anti-spam.htm

Marketing and Powdered Energy Drinks Essay

I. Introduction Kings Food (Pvt. ) Ltd, the company behind LimoPani, saw the huge market of flavoured powdered energy drinks with only few major players like Tang and Energile. In order to come out with a unique product in this market, they conducted a market research. In Pakistan’s generally hot weather, lemon juice is traditionally consumed in water to provide refreshment from the sweltering heat of the sun. You will often find â€Å"thailay walas† near bus stops or populated places selling these drinks, locally termed as â€Å"sikanjbeen† or â€Å"nibopani†. Thus, King’s Food gave birth to LimoPani as a direct competitor of Tang and Energile in powdered energy drinks market. II. Competition & Market Structure The major competitors of LimoPani are Energile and Tang. The market structure of powdered energy drinks is as follows: III. Product Product Classification LimoPani is a shopping good which transitions into a convenience good. We have classified it thus, because: ? This good initially requires comparison with other like products in the market, e. g. Tang, Energile. ?It is not very low priced. Three Levels of Product. With LimoPani we are concerned with the core benefit offered and the actual product attributes. Core Benefit LimoPani’s core benefit can be phrased as: â€Å"LimoPani is an easy-to-make instant drink which will refresh you in the Pakistani weather be it hot or cold† Actual Product ?Quality Quality has a direct impact on the product’s performance. LimoPani has been surveyed and claimed to be â€Å"great tasting† and â€Å"very refreshing†. LimoPani is considered to be a product of very high quality. ?Features LimoPani does not have any extraordinary features since it is just a beverage and an edible item which is consumed over and over again.? Branding LimoPani as a brand name has been highly successful. This is because the target market responded well to the word â€Å"LimoPani† which is lemonade in Urdu. By using a brand name which is understood all over Pakistan, the marketer brilliantly enlarged the target market, since the description of the product is in the product name itself. ?Packaging Product packaging is nicely done. It is distributed displayed well with sachets, leading to â€Å"impulse buying†. LimoPani’s packaging contains sachets of 25g, the glass jars of 250g and 500g and tin cans of 1000g and 2500g. LimoPani’s packaging can be rated higher than its competitors, on a scale of attractiveness since the colours used (lime green and yellow) are attention grabbing. IV. Price The pricing strategy followed by SunSip is â€Å"competition-based†. LimoPani’s marketers are pricing their product on the basis of similar products’ prices, especially those of Tang. The pricing comparison is shown below: LimoPaniTangEnergile SizePriceSizePriceSizePrice 250 gRs. 55250 gRs. 50100 gRs. 15 500 gRs. 105500 gRs. 110350 gRs. 70 1000 gRs. 1901000 gRs. 190 2500 gRs. 4851500 gRs. 245 V. Place The sales distribution of LimoPani is great. No matter which place you go throughout Pakistan – any neighborhood or locality of whatever class, you will find LimoPani at the shops. In Karachi, for example, you can get LimoPani from elite supermarkets markets like Ebco at the Forum, Agha’s and Naheed to small shops and convenience stores located on the roadside and near residential localities. VI. Promotion LimoPani is being mass advertised, especially in prime time at the most watched channels of Pakistan in the first 2 years of its launch. Now, as it has become a well established brand in Pakistan, it is being moderately advertised. At the time of its huge campaign launch, it heavily targeted both electronic (TV and radio) and outdoor media. The launch TVC â€Å"Caveman† was implying on the old trusted form of lemon mixed with water, establishing LimoPani as a brand composed of natural ingredients. The follow-up TVC based on the â€Å"Family† was an effort to establish that LimoPani is meant for all age groups. Currently LimoPani’s advertising pattern can be classified as a â€Å"Flighting Pattern† VI. Positioning LimoPani has positioned itself remarkably well in the minds of the massive consumer base by created an image of a very high quality Pakistani product. LimoPani is the modern style of drinking the same traditional lemon juice during hot times, yet, its advertisements show that it is a product used by the entire family, young and old. It is not surprising then that, according to a research, many old housewives and women have actually shifted from making home made lemon juice and water to using LimoPani!! In innumerable retail stores, you will find LimoPani side by side with Tang and Energile, indicating that it is now considered a premium brand in the powdered energy drink market. It is being positioned as not just an individual consumption drink but also one that can be presented to guests. Mothers give LimoPani to their kids as an energy drink; housewives present it as a drink to guests; young teenagers drink it like Coca-cola. LimoPani has successfully been recognized as a drink for all times.

NFL Concussions

On the other hand, the nature football is very aggressive ND hazardous. There are many fans think there should be little to no regulations or changes because football is meant to be an aggressive sport. Football is considered to be a holy sport for most people in America. Thousands of fans watch each game and revolve their schedule around the NFG. The NFG has started trying to prevent concussions; in 2010 the NFG made a new rule that a player cannot tackle another player in head to head contact. As the fans and players started rioting against this rule, it helped in preventing concussions.There are often many injuries involved in the sport of oddball, but most injuries consist of concussions and other head traumas. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that shakes the brain inside the skull. Although there may be cuts or bruises on the head or face, there may be no other visible signs of a brain injury . The NFG needs to start implementing strict rules and harder punishments for people who play dirty or try to hurt others. Many players have been hit so hard to the extent that the injuries end their careers.Players often have long term effects from most injuries involved n football. These players being injured with a concussion is a serious matter because there is no physical signs of the injury. Although it is obvious that the NFG needs to protect its players better, many people still believe otherwise. Those people believe that football is football, it is meant for being aggressive and hitting hard. They also say that players are being penalized for something that happened accidental. Although this may be true sometimes, without the rules players can take advantage and play dirty. (WV.NFG. Com) The NFG data shows an average of one reported concussion every other game. About 120 to 130 concussions occur per regular season. Every year that NFG rules get stricter, the number of conc ussions decreases. These rules need to become more strict because concussions are a serious thing to have and most people usually don't know when they one. A reporter from USA Today explains how coaches should approach this matter. He said, â€Å"Signs and symptoms of concussions may be delayed, and therefore it may be prudent to remove an athlete from play, but when in doubt, take a timeout† (Bell).NFG isn't really doing much in dealing with the concussions. In the past year more than 160 players went down with a head injury. In response, the NFG fines players for their bad judgment on the field, which means nothing to them. Steve Inspire reported a New England defensive back stating, â€Å"Fines never mattered to me, being suspend for hitting a player helmet to helmet caught my attention. Because fines don't matter to a millionaire. † Also, people might say these rules about players not being able to tackle the way they want will cause them to not play as well and so ften them up.Sports reporter Tom Goldman said â€Å"its football, big hits are and always will be a part of the sport. † (Goldman). However, as professionals they should know how to change their name and adapt to the newer and safer rules of the NFG. They are allowed to hit as hard as they want but it's where they are hitting that is the problem. In the NFG if a defensive player hits a quarter back helmet to helmet he is penalized. Also, if a defensive player hits a quarter back after the play he is penalized. NFG has to try harder in protecting their players.In the past there where barely any rules, players didn't even wear metal helmets. They wore leather Ones which didn't protect them at all. Players in the past were twice more likely to get a concussion then players are now. The NFG rules on incursions are now stricter, but the amount of concussions this year is still too high. In the future, players should wear better helmets and have more gear on. There should be a medi cal staff on the sidelines in case of emergencies. Also, they should have operating rooms if injuries are too severe.After a big hit the player shouldn't come back to game unless a doctor agrees. Reporter says â€Å"If a certified athletic trainer were to see the hit again slow motion from a replay, he might say wait a minute we need to check him out. (McCann) Reporter Garret Bell explains â€Å"Quarterback Colt McCoy was allowed to continue playing after suffering a concussion, Macy's hand was checked out, but was never tested for a concussion because the medical staff didn't see the replay and missed the head get hit. † After all the rules NFG has changed this year it still didn't fix the problem.This year three major quarterbacks where injured from concussions which is an example of how the NFG still hasn't done enough to protect its players. Jay Cutler from the Chicago Bears, Alex Smith from the San Francisco errs, and Michael Vicki from the Philadelphia Eagles has been injured this year with concussions. Jay Cutler and the Bears didn't make it to the playoffs because of his injury. They started their season 7-1 , and when Jay Cutler got injured they finished the season 9-6. Michael Vicki missed the football season. Alex Smith lost his starting possession after he was injured.All these players and their teams were affected because one person wasn't careful enough to control himself. NFG hasn't done enough as shown by each of those Quarterbacks. Because the NFG has started to make a lot Of changes towards injuries this year retired football players feel that they should have gotten this treatment when they were playing. That's why many football veterans are suing the NFG today. A reporter from USA TODAY says ‘The NFG is a target of federal lawsuits by more than 3,700 former players who allege that for decades the league failed to protect from concussions and their long-term effects.Today Boston will release a report that includes the cases of 33 former NFG players diagnosed after their deaths with brain damage linked to repeated concussions. † (Misses) Another reporter states â€Å"There is a disease called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy which is often associated with concussions. Studies show that this can be incipient in people as young as 18. (Bell) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a degenerative brain disease that results in behaviors similar to Alchemist's disease. However, according to researchers, it has a clear environmental cause of repeated brain trauma rather than a genetic cause.This disease is most often known from ex-boxers, so it as if players are being punched in the head. Though this disease doesn't show up right away it often shows up later in their life. So players are not only being affected during their time playing football, but even after 20, 30, or even 40 years after they retire. â€Å"With all the steps the NFG has to improve layer safety, against all the backdrops of the hundreds o f ex- players suing the NFG for not revealing more knowledge about head injuries† said reporter Garret Bell.There are hundreds of parents that don't allow their children to play football from how easily things can wrong, even after knowing youth football players do drills aimed at reducing their risks of concussions. Football is a beautiful sport and a great exercise. If the NFG doesn't start making changes soon to improve their players' safety it may be stopped as a professional sport in America, especially if players keep receiving concussions ND diseases from the sport. Players, teams, and cities have been affected by these concussions.The NFG ended up realizing this problem 3 years ago in 201 0 and still hasn't fixed it. It is reported â€Å"In 201 0 through 6 weeks of the season it was reported that 35 players have been on injury lists, unable to play because of head injuries. (Goldman) If everyone were to watch football they would see what players go through every game. Players that are hurt the most are the ones that don't see it coming. They are most often hit on their blind side. Many people know the NFG-L needs to change, but very few people are trying to change it.Journalist Gary Misses explains, â€Å"The NFG is stressing a change in culture when it comes to a head injury. † (USA TODAY) In the NFG, football players should learn drills on how to tackle properly to reduce concussions. They should also, be put in simulations and scrimmages to learn how to avoid this harmful injury. Furthermore, players should be tested before football season to see how fragile their bodies are. That way teams can determine the amount of padding a player needs. All in all, it is obvious that the NFG needs to change its rules and regulations for the sake of the players and for the sake of the game. NFL Concussions On the other hand, the nature football is very aggressive ND hazardous. There are many fans think there should be little to no regulations or changes because football is meant to be an aggressive sport. Football is considered to be a holy sport for most people in America. Thousands of fans watch each game and revolve their schedule around the NFG. The NFG has started trying to prevent concussions; in 2010 the NFG made a new rule that a player cannot tackle another player in head to head contact. As the fans and players started rioting against this rule, it helped in preventing concussions.There are often many injuries involved in the sport of oddball, but most injuries consist of concussions and other head traumas. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that shakes the brain inside the skull. Although there may be cuts or bruises on the head or face, there may be no other visible signs of a brain injury . The NFG needs to start implementing strict rules and harder punishments for people who play dirty or try to hurt others. Many players have been hit so hard to the extent that the injuries end their careers.Players often have long term effects from most injuries involved n football. These players being injured with a concussion is a serious matter because there is no physical signs of the injury. Although it is obvious that the NFG needs to protect its players better, many people still believe otherwise. Those people believe that football is football, it is meant for being aggressive and hitting hard. They also say that players are being penalized for something that happened accidental. Although this may be true sometimes, without the rules players can take advantage and play dirty. (WV.NFG. Com) The NFG data shows an average of one reported concussion every other game. About 120 to 130 concussions occur per regular season. Every year that NFG rules get stricter, the number of conc ussions decreases. These rules need to become more strict because concussions are a serious thing to have and most people usually don't know when they one. A reporter from USA Today explains how coaches should approach this matter. He said, â€Å"Signs and symptoms of concussions may be delayed, and therefore it may be prudent to remove an athlete from play, but when in doubt, take a timeout† (Bell).NFG isn't really doing much in dealing with the concussions. In the past year more than 160 players went down with a head injury. In response, the NFG fines players for their bad judgment on the field, which means nothing to them. Steve Inspire reported a New England defensive back stating, â€Å"Fines never mattered to me, being suspend for hitting a player helmet to helmet caught my attention. Because fines don't matter to a millionaire. † Also, people might say these rules about players not being able to tackle the way they want will cause them to not play as well and so ften them up.Sports reporter Tom Goldman said â€Å"its football, big hits are and always will be a part of the sport. † (Goldman). However, as professionals they should know how to change their name and adapt to the newer and safer rules of the NFG. They are allowed to hit as hard as they want but it's where they are hitting that is the problem. In the NFG if a defensive player hits a quarter back helmet to helmet he is penalized. Also, if a defensive player hits a quarter back after the play he is penalized. NFG has to try harder in protecting their players.In the past there where barely any rules, players didn't even wear metal helmets. They wore leather Ones which didn't protect them at all. Players in the past were twice more likely to get a concussion then players are now. The NFG rules on incursions are now stricter, but the amount of concussions this year is still too high. In the future, players should wear better helmets and have more gear on. There should be a medi cal staff on the sidelines in case of emergencies. Also, they should have operating rooms if injuries are too severe.After a big hit the player shouldn't come back to game unless a doctor agrees. Reporter says â€Å"If a certified athletic trainer were to see the hit again slow motion from a replay, he might say wait a minute we need to check him out. (McCann) Reporter Garret Bell explains â€Å"Quarterback Colt McCoy was allowed to continue playing after suffering a concussion, Macy's hand was checked out, but was never tested for a concussion because the medical staff didn't see the replay and missed the head get hit. † After all the rules NFG has changed this year it still didn't fix the problem.This year three major quarterbacks where injured from concussions which is an example of how the NFG still hasn't done enough to protect its players. Jay Cutler from the Chicago Bears, Alex Smith from the San Francisco errs, and Michael Vicki from the Philadelphia Eagles has been injured this year with concussions. Jay Cutler and the Bears didn't make it to the playoffs because of his injury. They started their season 7-1 , and when Jay Cutler got injured they finished the season 9-6. Michael Vicki missed the football season. Alex Smith lost his starting possession after he was injured.All these players and their teams were affected because one person wasn't careful enough to control himself. NFG hasn't done enough as shown by each of those Quarterbacks. Because the NFG has started to make a lot Of changes towards injuries this year retired football players feel that they should have gotten this treatment when they were playing. That's why many football veterans are suing the NFG today. A reporter from USA TODAY says ‘The NFG is a target of federal lawsuits by more than 3,700 former players who allege that for decades the league failed to protect from concussions and their long-term effects.Today Boston will release a report that includes the cases of 33 former NFG players diagnosed after their deaths with brain damage linked to repeated concussions. † (Misses) Another reporter states â€Å"There is a disease called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy which is often associated with concussions. Studies show that this can be incipient in people as young as 18. (Bell) Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy is a degenerative brain disease that results in behaviors similar to Alchemist's disease. However, according to researchers, it has a clear environmental cause of repeated brain trauma rather than a genetic cause.This disease is most often known from ex-boxers, so it as if players are being punched in the head. Though this disease doesn't show up right away it often shows up later in their life. So players are not only being affected during their time playing football, but even after 20, 30, or even 40 years after they retire. â€Å"With all the steps the NFG has to improve layer safety, against all the backdrops of the hundreds o f ex- players suing the NFG for not revealing more knowledge about head injuries† said reporter Garret Bell.There are hundreds of parents that don't allow their children to play football from how easily things can wrong, even after knowing youth football players do drills aimed at reducing their risks of concussions. Football is a beautiful sport and a great exercise. If the NFG doesn't start making changes soon to improve their players' safety it may be stopped as a professional sport in America, especially if players keep receiving concussions ND diseases from the sport. Players, teams, and cities have been affected by these concussions.The NFG ended up realizing this problem 3 years ago in 201 0 and still hasn't fixed it. It is reported â€Å"In 201 0 through 6 weeks of the season it was reported that 35 players have been on injury lists, unable to play because of head injuries. (Goldman) If everyone were to watch football they would see what players go through every game. Players that are hurt the most are the ones that don't see it coming. They are most often hit on their blind side. Many people know the NFG-L needs to change, but very few people are trying to change it.Journalist Gary Misses explains, â€Å"The NFG is stressing a change in culture when it comes to a head injury. † (USA TODAY) In the NFG, football players should learn drills on how to tackle properly to reduce concussions. They should also, be put in simulations and scrimmages to learn how to avoid this harmful injury. Furthermore, players should be tested before football season to see how fragile their bodies are. That way teams can determine the amount of padding a player needs. All in all, it is obvious that the NFG needs to change its rules and regulations for the sake of the players and for the sake of the game.

Marketing †ethics Essay

Marketing ethics is an area that deals with the moral principles behind marketing. Ethics in marketing applies to different spheres such as in advertising, promotion, pricing. However, for purposes of this essay, the ethics of advertisements will be dealt with especially in relation to children. (Mohandeep, 2001)) Many marketers and analysts have agreed that children are marketer’s best friend. This is backed up by evidence from watch groups such as Media Channel. In the year 2007, they highlighted the fact that in the United States, close to two billion dollars was spent on advertisements to children. It was also revealed that children greatly affect the commodities their parents buy. Estimates done in this field show that projects tailored for children in the year 2006 totaled fifty two billion dollars. (McGee and Heubusch, 1997) Regardless of all this potential returns that children can give manufacturers and their marketers, there are key ethical issues that arise in the discussion. For example, do children have the capability of understanding some of the intricate marketing tactics? Do children possess the final buying power? Do marketers need to get permission from their parents? And do children understand the negative effects of some of the products advertised to them? These key questions will be analyzed in relation to business pressures then recommendations will be made. Key ethical issues in marketing to children Some companies have become notorious for the utilization of psychologists in their advertising and marketing campaigns. Normally what such companies do is that when trying to create marketing strategy, they will involve psychologist to tell them about tactics that they can use to influence children. Since psychologists understand the way child’s mind works, they can help marketers create campaigns that will be directly aimed at them and those ones that can easily influence their choices. This trend has becoming so alarming that the American Psychological Association has raised an alarm about it. They have set up a committee to estimate the effect that the involvement of psychologists in the marketing process of children’s products has on them. The group has asserted that no psychological principles should be used when marketing to children. They are also recommending that there should be some sort of strategy to protect the young ones from exploitation though the use of psychological ploys. (Beder, 1998) The basic framework which steers marketing ethics revolves around three main issues. These are: values, stakeholders, processes. Marketing ethics that are done on a value inclined framework are those one that involve the analysis of the kind of value that the marketing idea creates. So advertisements may instill in their target audiences positive or negative attributes. This all depends on their implementation. For example, an advertising targeting a child may become a problem if it violates the right to privacy, transparency, honesty or autonomy. By using psychologists in the process of creating advertisements for children, marketers are imposing upon children’s right to autonomy and transparency. They try studying children’s behavioral trends and then use this to exploit those children. This is quite unethical. The process oriented framework in marketing ethics is founded on the basis of analysing marketing ethics through the categories that marketers use. For example research, promotion and placement must be done in an ethical manner. This is something that marketers have chosen to ignore because their research is not done in an ethical manner. Their research involves using psychological experts who may use their knowledge to take advantage of children who belong to vulnerable groups (Lizabeth, 2001) Targeting children alone Marketers who create marketing campaigns that are just directed towards children only are engaging in unethical marketing practices. This is because children are naive. They are at a stage of development called proximal development. At this stage, children simply take up elements of what they perceive in the world around them and then use it in various aspects of their lives. There is a certain level of trust that children have over and above than one of adults. They lack the ability to weigh arguments in a sober and even sometimes a cynical way. Consequently, this makes them very vulnerable to exploitation. (Murphy et al, 2004) Examples of advertisements that are directed towards children alone are those ones that have cartoon characters and are seen as specifically meant for children. At that point, children will feel like they are the only ones with the ability of purchasing the item yet it is their parents who have to foot the bill. Unethical advertisements are those ones that do not involve getting consent from parents. Most of the time such advertisements are usually aired in the afternoon during kid’s programming sessions. They usually create desires in children to have those advertisements at all costs. When advertising is done without parental consent; that is when children are watching shows on their own then it became unethical. Children are too young to realize the manipulations that are going on through television or media advertisements. They also do not realize the financial pressures that come with the purchase of items. It would therefore be unethical for marketers to leave parents out of their marketing strategies. Normally, ethical advertisements are those ones that require children to get their parents involved in the marketing place. This can be achieved by stating it directly in the advertisement. It can also be achieved by limiting some children’s products in parental magazines or targeting families in general instead of just children. (Waymack, 2000) Advertisements targeting children alone have shown their effects in a number of ways. In the year 2007, it was found that about fifty eight percent of all the items purchased by children (through their allowances) are sweets and toys were the next highest items to be purchased by children. This took up a whooping thirty percent. Toys and candy are all items that are advertised directly children hence the staggering statistics. (Davidson, 2002) Advertising to children alone brings out very fundamental ethical issue. It highlights the power analysis issue in marketing. Any form of marketing that claims to be ethical must adhere to the power balance principle. The scales must not be tipped towards the consumer neither should they favor the marketer either. When marketers target vulnerable markets, they tend to make the situation favor them. This is what is called caveat emptor in marketing. It is an unfair scenario and is also exploitative in nature. (McGee and Heubusch, 1997) Types of products, manner of advertisements and other qualities can indicate whether or not an advertisement is targeting children. It should be noted that there are certain elements that if conducted by marketers may be deemed unethical for example, when an advertisement is made in such a manner as to imply that it is meant for children. Some elements to watch out for are: music, images, voices, color. These are all elements that are meant to draw on children’s attention. Besides this, there may be certain activities expected to captivate children such a drawing, then those advertisements may be meant for them. Besides that, some advertisements may have characters that are designed for that demographic group. Sometimes some advertisements may be placed in publications that are usually read by children alone. They may also be placed in areas that have children. (Murphy et al, 2004) All these features can be deemed unethical if they will be seen or heard by children exclusively, For example, if the advertisement is placed in a publication that is read by children alone then this is unethical because there is not parental consent there or if it is broadcast at times when children could be watching without parental consent. (Lizabeth, 2001) Sometimes the kind of content in the advertisements matters too. Advertisements that are created in such ways as to make children feel less about themselves if they lack that product may be deemed unethical. Also advertisements that will promote harmful products to children are also unethical. For example, there were certain toys from China that had an excess of chemical elements and exposed certain risks to children who were playing with them. If advertisements possess those characteristics, then they may be considered unethical. Responsible marketing The issue of marketing itself has two main components. The first group is made up of the abolitionists and the second are the libertarians. The abolitionists believe that all advertising to children is wrong and that it should be completely eliminated. But this is something that is unrealistic and cannot be feasible in today’s fast paced and commercial world. The other extreme is held by the liberalists who believe that advertisements to children should be left as they are. They insist that society shapes advertisements and that advertisements do not change moral values. But this is denying the obvious. The fact that children in the UK and even in other parts of the world spend the largest portion of their leisure time watching television implies that they will pick up some of the habits depicted on their screens. (Waymack, 2000) In light of the above facts, it is important to come up with a compromise on the issue through taking up responsible marketing. Children can still be considered as a target audience for marketing of retail products, however, this should be conducted in such a responsible and socially sustainable manner. There are three main alternatives available for marketers targeting children and these are: viewing children as docile consumers, viewing children as non-consumers, viewing children as informed consumers. Choosing the non-consumer part would not be very market friendly because as it has been seen from earlier parts of the essay; children have substantial levels of buyer power. It is would therefore be uneconomical not to tap this very valuable market resource. On the other hand, viewing children as docile consumers causes a lot of ethical controversies that have been raised earlier. Consequently, the most sustainable form of marketing should be viewing children as informed consumers. Marketers need to advertise and market their products in such a way that there will still be room for them in the future. This will be effectively achieved by informing children about marketing ideas. This will enlighten them and give them a very valuable asset; choice. (McGee and Heubusch, 1997) Informing children about the intricacies of marketing at an early age will go a long way in ensuring that children can understand the fundamentals of the commercial world. It will mean that children’s naivety will not be taken advantage of and that they will have the power to decide for themselves whether or not products are good for them. The ethical issues that have been brought forward stem from the fact that children are too young to understand the main reasons behind marketing displays. Informing them about this will drastically reduce those ethical concerns and will at the same time still allow marketers to go about marketing their products. (Beder, 1998) It should be noted that some countries like Sweden have argued that children can understand the effects of commercial marketing after reaching the age of twelve; some have suggested four and others ten. They claim that at that point, be it 4, 10, or 12, children can understand the commercial world and the exploitation tendencies that their worlds present them. Consequently, human rights groups claim that marketers should not target children that fall below that group. But that debate can be eliminated if children below those established ages are made aware of the commercial world. Regulations This is something that is already in place, but still needs more emphasis. Advertisements should not be aired during children’s programming as they are likely to be unsupervised at that point. Governments should institute statutory regulations on television advertisements. Advertisements should also be edited such that they do not seem to appeal to the child directly. They should be made in such a way that they will involve the parent or family. (Mohandeep, 2001)) Conclusion Advertisements to children have sparked off lot of controversy resulting in various reactions in various countries. However, experts agree that unethical marketing occurs when advertisements are directly aimed at children without getting consent from parents. Organisations can go about this issue through regulating their content, changing their times and embarking on a consumer education to make their young audiences aware. (Waymack, 2000) Reference: Beder, S. (1998): Marketing to Children, University of Wollongong Journal Lizabeth E. (2001): Marketing With A Conscience: Sales and Ethics; Journal for the US Dept. of State Mohandeep S. (2001): Ethics in Marketing; Encyclopedia of Business and Finance Davidson, D. (2002): The Moral Dimension of Marketing; South-Western Educational Journal Murphy, P. et al (2004): Ethical Marketing; Prentice Hall Waymack, M. (2000): The ethics of selectively marketing the Health Maintenance Organization, Journal of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, Issue 8, Volume 11, Pages 301-309 McGee, T. and Heubusch, K. (1997): Getting Inside Kids’ Heads; American Demographics, Vol. 19, No. 1.

How Classical Music Infulence Human Lives Research Paper

How Classical Music Infulence Human Lives - Research Paper Example Most homes had at least a musical instrument that was played with lesser or greater skill. Concerts were big events and the people who liked attending them were mostly the rich ones. The pieces prepared for the concerts were longer since people were merely dying to listen to the music. The people could not miss the concerts and wait to pick the cds from music stores the following day. A story is told of J.S. Bach who walked several miles to listen to a performance by a great organist called Buxtehude. Symphonies structured into works of many movements exposed listeners to a variety of intellectual experiences and moods. Music involving dance invited listeners to enjoy. Concerts were great events and these works were not performed all at the same time as they are these days. Originally, symphony movements were separated by other kinds of performances or pieces of music altogether. Today, the cultural, social and aesthetic realities are very different. The time constraints, needs and m usic availability are all different. One can easily turn of or change what they are listening to literally at any time of the day or night. There is need for a totally different approach. The music of today is neither worse nor better, but rather fits this place and time in history. Fortunately, there is always great classical works to return to for inspiration and pleasure. What's the Connection between Classical Music and People's Lives? Classical music has attracted varying perspectives worldwide. During the times of Bach and Mozart, classical music flourished, but today some people, especially the young, perceived it as boring and old fashioned. However, they are missing out since this music is beneficial for the human body and brain. Classical music makes humans... This essay approves that classical music continually developed and evolved from the time of Mozart and Beethoven. It is not about to stagnate anytime soon, but it is continually pushing the sound and music boundaries. Other genres are on constant influence by the advancements in classical music. For instance, Stockhausen's music greatly influenced the Beatles. Many contemporary composers of jazz have employed freedoms and techniques that originated from classical music. Modern classical music has had influence on pop, rock and other genres of music. Rather than blocking the creative ability of contemporary musicians, classical music fertilises and enriches it. The music provides the tools necessary in innovation of other kinds of music. Out of this kind of music come many innovations like the twelve tone method and the ubiquitous staff notation system. This report makes a conclusion that regardless of whether or not one is classical music fan, he/she can always find something that inspires. It could be a specific piece of music, the music of specific composer, the passion and power of musicians performing collectively in perfect harmony or the heartbreaking drama of a particular opera. One can find his/her connection to this kind of music by listening with an open mind. A listener can also perform classical music. Several schools have orchestras and bands. Some cities have municipal bands or youth orchestras. Classical music is the backbone of music, although nowadays people do not appear to really appreciate or enjoy it as they should. People lose out on the benefits the music has on the human body. They need to embrace change and attempt new things, and they could realize that they love classical music. Classical music is among the oldest and most-loved music genres of all times, which can make people smarter.

Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem - Essay Example I believe I have faced enough competition in the early academic years. Since my childhood, I’ve been a shy, reserved and quiet person. I don’t interact with people much due to my hesitation while talking to new people. I feel uncomfortable when I am surrounded by a group of individuals and I’ve always tried to stay out of group discussions. These natural personality constraints led me to the isolation from my social circle. I have had a few friends and even their knowledge was limited about my problems, likes, dislikes and issues. These personality traits seem normal and unproblematic to many people. However, I personally feel that these were the factors that affected my academic performance the most. I never wished to take a position in the class in order to avoid prominence and attention from others. I did not take part in class discussions as I felt awkward and uncomfortable speaking in front of all students and the teacher. I kept myself from asking question even if I had some confusion in my mind regarding the topic being taught by the teacher. When I was a kid, I used to avoid interactions with other kids. I kept myself isolated in the parks, play grounds and even in the school. I used to keep my feelings secret and ideas personal. All these traits resulted in inner conflicts arising in me.

ANCIENT ART (DB) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ANCIENT ART (DB) - Essay Example The statue exhibits a direct balance of these attributes between its right and left sides: the right planted and firm; the left bent in motion, lagging behind as it moves forward implicitly offering a further balance between "good" (the right, or dexterous, side) and evil (the left, or sinister, side). Polyclitus attempt to harmonize these features came about as the culmination of Hellenistic sculpture, for not only had the goal become to portray man as naturally (the kallos, or "beautiful) as possible, but also to capture the ideal physicality of man (the eu, or "perfect"). The Augustus of Primaporta statue models itself on the Doryphoros for that exact reason, with few exceptions: Augustus is clothed, his right arm raised and extended, and the weight of this is counterbalanced by a small cupid riding a dolphin attached to the back of the right leg. Roman sculptures during this period had continued the practice of portraying their subjects as naturally as possible however, statues o f emperors are always idealized. Augustus is always depicted in his prime - despite his living into the sixties - and this statue in particular is modeled upon Polyclitus's work as it had been recognized as the most accurate depiction of the ideal form of man. Polyclitus's work takes on the subject of man's form - not the reality, but the ideal. As such, it's image springs from the fountainhead of the artist's imagination and presumably bears no resemblance to any single individual. In contrast, the Augustus statue is most definitely intended to be modeled from and to represent the Augustus Caesar. Yet the duplication is intentional, for the sculptures are meant to capture the inner character (ethos) of the subjects rather than a emotional state (pathos). Both bear almost identical controlled calm expressions with sharply defined air brow and nose. The statue of Augustus is meant to portray its subject as the ideal man of his time; small wonder that it should model itself upon the ideal male figure of the Greeks. Greek statues were used for three main purposes: to portray deities (which represented ideals themselves), to represent the dead as grave monuments, or to cater to commissions for architectural or temple projects. Mythological representations represented mental ideals and natural subjects captured athletic ideals; Greek sculptures were never intended to portray reality. The Augustus of Primaporta was meant to portray the perfection of Augustus. The arm raised in oratorical fashion was a pre-requisite skill for any Roman politician; the cuirass (breastplate) indicates the subjects military command. The cupid is in direct reference to Augustus claim to trace his lineage back to Aeneas, while the scene on the cuirass indicates both Rome's political dominance and divine preference. Thus does Augustus portray himself as strictly adhering to Roman values and traditions to solidify his position in the popular opinion. The Doryphoros attempts to capture a particular essence of humans. The Augustus of Primaporta, conversely, has a political agenda. Augustus Caesar had been seeking to distance himself from his